The term endophthalmitis refers to an infection process involving the anterior and/or posterior part of the eye, caused by bacteria and fungi.

Endophthalmitis can be categorised in exogenous and endogenous. Exogenous endophthalmitis is when it is caused by pathogens entering the eye from an external source, including ocular surgery or trauma, and usually manifests with severe ocular pain and redness.

Endogenous endophthalmitis develops from the dissemination of pathogens via the blood stream from the primary site of infection somewhere else in the body to the eye.

Overall, endophthalmitis is a rare disease. Incidence, clinical presentation, microbiology and visual outcome depend on the type of endophthalmitis. The disease represents a medical emergency, and timely diagnosis and management are critical to try to preserve vision